How do I start composting?

Benefits of Composting

• Reduces household waste


• Produces nutrient-rich soil for gardening


• Improves soil structure and fertility


• Reduces the need for chemical fertilizers

What You Need

• Compost bin or pile


• Organic waste (kitchen scraps, yard waste)


• Water


• Garden fork or shovel

Choosing a Composting Method

There are several methods of composting. Choose one that fits your space and needs:

• Compost Bin: Ideal for small spaces, a bin contains the compost and keeps it neat.


• Compost Pile: Suitable for larger spaces, a pile can be started directly on the ground.


• Tumbler: A rotating bin that makes turning the compost easier.


• Worm Composting (Vermicomposting): Uses worms to break down organic material, great for small spaces and indoor composting.

Setting Up Your Compost

1. Choose a Location

Pick a well-drained spot that gets some shade. This will help regulate the temperature and moisture of your compost.

2. Add Organic Materials

• Greens: Nitrogen-rich materials like fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, and grass clippings.


• Browns: Carbon-rich materials like dry leaves, straw, cardboard, and paper.


• Alternate layers of greens and browns to balance the compost.

3. Maintain Moisture

Keep the compost moist, similar to a damp sponge. Add water if it’s too dry, and add browns if it’s too wet.

4. Turn the Compost

Turn the compost regularly with a garden fork or shovel to aerate it and speed up decomposition. Aim to turn it every 1-2 weeks.

5. Monitor and Adjust

• Compost should heat up as it decomposes; if it’s not, add more greens and water.


• If it smells bad, add more browns and ensure it’s getting enough air.

What Not to Compost

• Meat, fish, and dairy products


• Greasy or oily foods


• Diseased plants


• Pet waste


• Invasive weeds

Harvesting Your Compost

Your compost is ready when it’s dark, crumbly, and has an earthy smell. This can take anywhere from a few months to a year, depending on conditions. Use finished compost to enrich garden beds, potting soil, or as a top-dressing for lawns.